Cho Riyu

Back to main list

Graph

Data

Game List

Date	Rating	Color	Result	Opponent				Kifu
2025-08-07	3130	White	Win	Takei Taishin	3049	♂		View game
2025-06-26	3130	Black	Loss	Fukuoka Kotaro	3373	♂		View game
2025-06-05	3130	White	Win	Mutsuura Yuta	3279	♂		View game
2025-05-26	3129	Black	Win	Okuda Aya	2964	♀		View game
2025-05-12	3129	Black	Win	Cho Chikun	3195	♂		View game
2025-03-31	3126	White	Win	Mimura Tomoyasu	3154	♂		View game
2024-11-14	3116	White	Loss	Tsuruyama Atsushi	3211	♂		View game
2024-09-30	3112	White	Loss	Mitani Tetsuya	3108	♂		View game
2024-09-16	3112	Black	Loss	Tajiri Yuto	2986	♂		View game
2024-09-09	3112	White	Loss	Yamada Takuji	3049	♂		View game
2024-08-08	3111	Black	Loss	Ueno Risa	3134	♀		View game
2024-07-22	3112	Black	Win	Ueno Risa	3134	♀		View game
2024-07-08	3111	Black	Win	O Meien	3034	♂		View game
2024-05-30	3111	White	Loss	Ogata Masaki	3101	♂		View game
2024-04-21	3110	White	Loss	Hane Naoki	3212	♂		View game
2024-03-28	3111	Black	Loss	Tsuruta Kazushi	3135	♂		View game
2024-03-11	3111	Black	Loss	Motoki Katsuya	3377	♂		View game
2023-10-29	3115	Black	Loss	Xie Yimin	3068	♀		View game
2023-10-29	3115	Black	Win	Kikkawa Hajime	2973	♂		View game
2023-10-28	3115	Black	Loss	Rin Shien	3110	♂		View game
2023-10-28	3115	White	Loss	Ogaki Yusaku	3168	♂		View game
2023-08-24	3120	Black	Loss	Seto Taiki	3272	♂		View game
2023-08-14	3121	Black	Win	Nakazawa Ayako	2658	♀		View game
2023-08-14	3121	Black	Win	Kato Atsushi	3081	♂		View game
2023-08-14	3121	White	Win	Fujita Akihiko	3291	♂		View game
2023-08-10	3121	White	Loss	O Rissei	3164	♂		View game
2023-07-20	3122	White	Loss	Tanaka Koyu	3179	♂		View game
2023-06-29	3124	White	Win	Sun Zhe	3281	♂		View game
2023-06-17	3124	Black	Win	Hong Seokui	3199	♂		View game
2023-05-11	3125	White	Loss	Rin Kanketsu	3249	♂		View game
2023-04-06	3126	Black	Loss	Otake Yu	3263	♂		View game
2023-03-09	3128	White	Loss	Sada Atsushi	3318	♂		View game
2023-02-16	3129	White	Loss	Koike Yoshihiro	3263	♂		View game
2023-02-06	3130	White	Loss	So Yokoku	3192	♂		View game
2023-01-30	3130	White	Loss	Adachi Toshimasa	3277	♂		View game
2022-12-22	3134	White	Win	Hirose Yuichi	3310	♂		View game
2022-12-15	3134	Black	Win	Matsumoto Takehisa	3152	♂		View game
2022-08-29	3139	Black	Loss	Suzuki Ayumi	3064	♀		View game
2022-04-04	3149	Black	Loss	Fujisawa Rina	3270	♀		View game
2022-03-17	3151	Black	Loss	Kato Atsushi	3081	♂		View game
2022-02-17	3154	White	Win	Kato Atsushi	3080	♂		View game
2022-02-14	3154	Black	Win	Shida Tatsuya	3269	♂		View game
2021-12-23	3157	Black	Win	Sotoyanagi Sebun	3168	♂		View game
2021-11-07	3160	White	Loss	Horimoto Mitsunari	3075	♂		View game
2021-11-07	3160	Black	Win	Mizuma Toshifumi	2916	♂		View game
2021-11-06	3160	Black	Win	Matsumoto Takehisa	3140	♂		View game
2021-11-06	3160	Black	Loss	Han Zenki	3135	♂		View game
2021-09-27	3162	Black	Win	Kanno Naomi	2614	♀		View game
2021-09-27	3162	White	Win	Yanaka Katsunori	2914	♂		View game
2021-09-27	3162	White	Win	Kitano Ryo	2863	♂		View game
2021-08-12	3164	White	Win	Takemiya Masaki	2999	♂		View game
2021-05-27	3168	White	Loss	Yuki Satoshi	3251	♂		View game
2021-04-12	3170	White	Loss	Hsu Chiayuan	3470	♂		View game
2021-03-11	3172	White	Loss	Cho U	3335	♂		View game
2021-02-25	3173	White	Win	Cho Sonjin	3152	♂		View game
2020-11-19	3178	Black	Loss	Seki Kotaro	3290	♂		View game
2020-11-01	3179	White	Win	Ohba Junya	3168	♂		View game
2020-11-01	3179	Black	Win	Ogata Masaki	3060	♂		View game
2020-10-31	3179	Black	Loss	Tsuruyama Atsushi	3236	♂		View game
2020-10-31	3179	White	Win	Mochizuki Kenichi	3118	♂		View game
2020-09-17	3181	Black	Win	Cho Chikun	3158	♂		View game
2020-09-07	3181	Black	Win	Tajima Shingo	2886	♂		View game
2020-09-07	3181	White	Win	Koyama Ryugo	2739	♂		View game
2020-07-27	3181	White	Loss	Shibano Toramaru	3484	♂		View game
2020-07-06	3182	White	Win	Murakawa Daisuke	3326	♂		View game
2020-06-18	3181	Black	Win	Kurita Yoshiki	3113	♂		View game
2020-02-13	3179	Black	Loss	Cho Chikun	3163	♂		View game
2020-02-06	3179	White	Win	Otake Hideo	2962	♂		View game
2020-01-13	3178	Black	Win	Morita Michihiro	3017	♂		View game
2020-01-13	3178	White	Win	Hikosaka Naoto	3116	♂		View game
2019-11-18	3176	Black	Win	Mitani Tetsuya	3112	♂		View game
2019-11-18	3176	Black	Win	Iguchi Toyohide	3054	♂		View game
2019-11-10	3176	White	Loss	Shida Tatsuya	3281	♂		View game
2019-11-04	3176	Black	Win	Takei Takashi	3026	♂		View game
2019-11-04	3176	Black	Loss	Mizokami Tomochika	3206	♂		View game
2019-11-03	3176	White	Loss	Kanazawa Hideo	3201	♂		View game
2019-11-03	3176	White	Win	Kawada Kohei	2893	♂		View game
2019-09-26	3174	Black	Loss	Ryu Shikun	3186	♂		View game
2019-09-19	3174	Black	Loss	Yamashita Keigo	3361	♂		View game
2019-09-05	3174	Black	Loss	Xie Yimin	3056	♀		View game
2019-09-02	3174	White	Win	Enda Yoichi	2626	♂		View game
2019-09-02	3174	White	Win	Suzuki Yoshimichi	2909	♂		View game
2019-09-02	3174	White	Win	Iwamaru Taira	2945	♂		View game
2019-08-22	3174	White	Win	Cho Sonjin	3146	♂		View game
2019-07-28	3174	Black	Win	Ishida Atsushi	2920	♂		View game
2019-01-10	3169	White	Loss	Ogaki Yusaku	3137	♂		View game
2018-12-09	3169	White	Win	Yamamori Tadanao	3007	♂		View game
2018-12-09	3169	Black	Win	Yamashiro Hiroshi	3131	♂		View game
2018-12-08	3169	White	Loss	Anzai Nobuaki	3247	♂		View game
2018-12-08	3169	Black	Win	Komatsu Fujio	2904	♂		View game
2018-12-03	3169	Black	Win	Ko Iso	3212	♂		View game
2018-12-03	3169	Black	Win	Yamada Kimio	3148	♂		View game
2018-11-12	3168	White	Win	Michael Redmond	3022	♂		View game
2018-11-12	3168	White	Win	Komatsu Hideko	2546	♀		View game
2018-10-04	3165	Black	Loss	Takao Shinji	3344	♂		View game
2018-09-27	3165	Black	Loss	Ueno Asami	3158	♀		View game
2018-08-30	3164	White	Loss	Hane Naoki	3326	♂		View game
2018-07-08	3162	White	Loss	Imamura Yoshiaki	3086	♂		View game
2018-06-28	3162	White	Loss	Otake Hideo	2984	♂		View game
2018-06-07	3162	Black	Loss	Kobayashi Koichi	3085	♂		View game
2018-05-24	3163	White	Loss	O Meien	3153	♂		View game
2018-03-15	3167	Black	Loss	Iyama Yuta	3536	♂		View game
2018-03-08	3167	White	Loss	Hsu Chiayuan	3448	♂		View game
2018-03-01	3168	Black	Loss	Yamashiro Hiroshi	3141	♂		View game
2018-02-15	3169	White	Win	Imamura Toshiya	3176	♂		View game
2018-02-12	3169	Black	Win	Cho Chikun	3182	♂		View game
2018-01-23	3170	White	Win	Chen Shiyuan	3266	♂		View game
2018-01-20	3170	Black	Win	Lin Shuyang	3138	♂		View game
2018-01-20	3170	White	Win	Lin Lixiang	3261	♂		View game
2017-10-01	3169	White	Loss	Cho U	3360	♂		View game
2017-09-21	3169	White	Loss	Hane Naoki	3313	♂		View game
2017-08-17	3169	Black	Loss	Yu Zhengqi	3387	♂		View game
2017-08-10	3169	Black	Win	Ishida Yoshio	3016	♂		View game
2017-08-03	3169	Black	Loss	Takemiya Masaki	3061	♂		View game
2017-06-25	3170	White	Win	Aoki Kikuyo	2906	♀		View game
2017-06-01	3171	Black	Loss	Nakano Hironari	3147	♂		View game
2017-05-08	3171	White	Loss	Terayama Rei	3227	♂		View game
2017-04-13	3173	Black	Win	Kobayashi Satoru	3203	♂		View game
2017-03-30	3173	Black	Win	Kono Rin	3372	♂		View game
2017-03-27	3173	White	Win	Murakawa Daisuke	3293	♂		View game
2017-03-02	3173	White	Loss	O Meien	3185	♂		View game
2016-12-15	3173	Black	Loss	Sakai Hideyuki	3211	♂		View game
2016-10-20	3174	Black	Win	Yoda Norimoto	3212	♂		View game
2016-09-08	3174	Black	Loss	Yamada Kimio	3147	♂		View game
2016-08-04	3175	Black	Loss	Ryu Shikun	3204	♂		View game
2016-07-31	3175	White	Loss	Ryu Shikun	3204	♂		View game
2016-07-11	3176	White	Loss	Ichiriki Ryo	3430	♂		View game
2016-07-07	3176	White	Win	Awaji Shuzo	3125	♂		View game
2016-06-16	3177	Black	Loss	Yoda Norimoto	3216	♂		View game
2016-06-13	3177	Black	Win	Mimura Tomoyasu	3188	♂		View game
2016-06-09	3177	White	Loss	So Yokoku	3194	♂		View game
2016-05-19	3178	White	Loss	Cho U	3334	♂		View game
2016-05-16	3179	Black	Win	Kobayashi Satoru	3212	♂		View game
2016-04-28	3179	White	Loss	Sakai Hideyuki	3208	♂		View game
2016-04-07	3181	White	Win	Yamashiro Hiroshi	3155	♂		View game
2016-03-24	3181	Black	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3217	♂		View game
2016-02-18	3183	White	Win	Cho Chikun	3246	♂		View game
2016-02-14	3184	White	Loss	Cho U	3333	♂		View game
2016-01-07	3186	White	Loss	Morita Michihiro	3019	♂		View game
2015-12-20	3187	White	Win	Shida Tatsuya	3315	♂		View game
2015-12-17	3187	Black	Loss	Tsuruyama Atsushi	3149	♂		View game
2015-12-03	3188	White	Win	Yanaka Katsunori	2899	♂		View game
2015-12-03	3188	White	Win	Matsuoka Hideki	2983	♂		View game
2015-10-26	3190	White	Win	Lee Ishu	3172	♂		View game
2015-09-20	3192	White	Win	Takao Shinji	3362	♂		View game
2015-09-17	3192	White	Loss	Ichiriki Ryo	3389	♂		View game
2015-08-13	3193	White	Loss	Kono Rin	3392	♂		View game
2015-07-30	3193	White	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3229	♂		View game
2015-07-23	3193	White	Win	Hane Naoki	3275	♂		View game
2015-07-19	3194	Black	Win	Muramatsu Hiroki	3081	♂		View game
2015-07-16	3194	Black	Loss	Mizokami Tomochika	3166	♂		View game
2015-06-22	3194	Black	Win	Yamashita Keigo	3402	♂		View game
2015-06-18	3194	Black	Win	Yuki Satoshi	3309	♂		View game
2015-05-28	3194	White	Loss	Mizokami Tomochika	3168	♂		View game
2015-05-21	3194	White	Win	Otake Hideo	3031	♂		View game
2015-05-07	3194	Black	Win	Cho Chikun	3252	♂		View game
2015-04-30	3194	Black	Win	Otake Hideo	3032	♂		View game
2015-04-23	3193	Black	Win	Cho U	3321	♂		View game
2015-03-30	3192	White	Loss	Yamashita Keigo	3403	♂		View game
2015-02-13	3190	Black	Loss	Yang Bowei	3194	♂		View game
2015-02-13	3190	Black	Win	Lin Shixun	3127	♂		View game
2015-02-12	3190	Black	Loss	Jian Jingting	3161	♂		View game
2015-02-12	3190	White	Win	Lin Lixiang	3204	♂		View game
2015-02-11	3190	White	Loss	Li Wei	3142	♂		View game
2015-02-11	3190	White	Win	Xu Haohong	3235	♂		View game
2015-01-12	3188	Black	Loss	Ko Iso	3285	♂		View game
2014-10-02	3184	White	Loss	Yoda Norimoto	3248	♂		View game
2014-09-25	3184	White	Loss	O Meien	3192	♂		View game
2014-08-28	3184	Black	Loss	Yuki Satoshi	3309	♂		View game
2014-07-10	3184	White	Loss	Kataoka Satoshi	3167	♂		View game
2014-07-03	3185	Black	Win	Cho Chikun	3248	♂		View game
2014-06-12	3185	Black	Loss	Murakawa Daisuke	3313	♂		View game
2014-05-29	3185	White	Loss	Kono Rin	3430	♂		View game
2014-05-15	3185	White	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3248	♂		View game
2014-04-24	3186	Black	Win	Hane Naoki	3289	♂		View game
2014-04-03	3186	White	Win	Seto Taiki	3242	♂		View game
2014-03-13	3186	Black	Win	Sakai Hideyuki	3196	♂		View game
2014-02-13	3186	Black	Win	Sun Zhe	3214	♂		View game
2014-01-30	3185	Black	Win	Seto Taiki	3241	♂		View game
2014-01-17	3184	Black	Win	Lin Junyan	3253	♂		View game
2014-01-17	3184	Black	Win	Xia Daming	2812	♂		View game
2014-01-16	3184	White	Win	Lin Yuxiang	2929	♂		View game
2014-01-16	3184	Black	Win	Hei Jiajia	3054	♀		View game
2014-01-15	3184	Black	Win	Liu Yaowen	2921	♂		View game
2014-01-15	3184	White	Win	Zhang Zhehao	3025	♂		View game
2013-12-19	3181	Black	Loss	Yao Zhiteng	3214	♂		View game
2013-11-28	3179	White	Loss	Uchida Shuhei	3107	♂		View game
2013-11-07	3177	Black	Win	Kobayashi Koichi	3109	♂		View game
2013-09-12	3172	White	Loss	Obuchi Kotaro	3081	♂		View game
2013-06-13	3165	Black	Loss	Cho Sonjin	3223	♂		View game
2013-05-26	3164	White	Loss	Honda Kunihisa	2997	♂		View game
2013-05-23	3164	White	Loss	Kono Rin	3413	♂		View game
2013-05-09	3163	Black	Win	So Yokoku	3164	♂		View game
2013-04-11	3162	Black	Loss	Kono Rin	3411	♂		View game
2013-03-11	3161	White	Win	Hiraoka Satoshi	3002	♂		View game
2013-03-04	3160	White	Win	Seto Taiki	3234	♂		View game
2013-01-31	3158	White	Win	Aragaki Shun	2889	♂		View game
2012-12-17	3155	White	Loss	Ryu Shikun	3215	♂		View game
2012-12-13	3154	Black	Loss	Mizokami Tomochika	3210	♂		View game
2012-12-01	3154	White	Loss	Seto Taiki	3231	♂		View game
2012-11-19	3153	Black	Win	Sakai Hideyuki	3205	♂		View game
2012-11-15	3153	White	Loss	Obuchi Kotaro	3089	♂		View game
2012-10-27	3153	Black	Win	Cho Chikun	3243	♂		View game
2012-08-23	3149	Black	Win	Ishida Yoshio	3101	♂		View game
2012-07-26	3147	Black	Win	O Meien	3216	♂		View game
2012-02-23	3134	White	Loss	Akiyama Jiro	3256	♂		View game
2011-10-01	3123	White	Loss	Tsuruyama Atsushi	3172	♂		View game
2011-09-12	3121	White	Loss	So Yokoku	3163	♂		View game
2011-09-12	3121	Black	Win	Ohba Junya	3001	♂		View game
2011-07-28	3119	White	Win	Kataoka Satoshi	3159	♂		View game
2011-01-20	3104	White	Loss	Nakano Yasuhiro	3025	♂		View game
2011-01-12	3103	White	Loss	Ichiriki Ryo	3267	♂		View game
2010-10-25	3100	White	Loss	Fujita Akihiko	3128	♂		View game
2010-09-23	3099	Black	Loss	Suzuki Ayumi	3011	♀		View game
2010-07-10	3098	Black	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3221	♂		View game
2010-06-20	3098	Black	Loss	Zhou Junxun	3225	♂		View game
2010-06-19	3098	Black	Win	Xia Daming	2871	♂		View game
2010-06-19	3098	Black	Win	Lin Zhihan	3216	♂		View game
2010-06-10	3097	Black	Loss	Ryu Shikun	3220	♂		View game
2010-05-15	3097	White	Win	Kim Sujun	3247	♂		View game
2010-05-15	3097	White	Win	Ohashi Hirofumi	3078	♂		View game
2010-04-11	3096	White	Loss	Shida Tatsuya	3189	♂		View game
2010-03-04	3094	Black	Loss	Michael Redmond	3049	♂		View game
2010-01-25	3094	White	Loss	Takao Shinji	3346	♂		View game
2009-12-10	3093	White	Win	Iyama Yuta	3437	♂		View game
2009-10-22	3091	Black	Loss	Kim Sujun	3251	♂		View game
2009-09-19	3090	Black	Loss	Takao Shinji	3343	♂		View game
2009-08-27	3090	Black	Loss	Shida Tatsuya	3184	♂		View game
2009-08-22	3090	White	Win	Komatsu Hideki	3150	♂		View game
2009-08-20	3089	Black	Win	O Meien	3216	♂		View game
2009-08-02	3089	Black	Loss	Yamashiro Hiroshi	3195	♂		View game
2009-07-02	3087	Black	Loss	Sakai Hideyuki	3243	♂		View game
2009-06-20	3087	Black	Win	Liao Guanhong	2915	♂		View game
2009-06-20	3087	White	Loss	Chen Shiyuan	3288	♂		View game
2009-06-04	3086	White	Loss	Ogata Masaki	3168	♂		View game
2009-05-11	3086	White	Win	Goto Shungo	2950	♂		View game
2009-05-11	3086	Black	Win	Kim Sujun	3248	♂		View game
2009-05-07	3086	White	Loss	Takao Shinji	3343	♂		View game
2009-04-09	3084	Black	Loss	O Meien	3220	♂		View game
2009-03-19	3083	White	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3207	♂		View game
2009-02-05	3082	Black	Loss	Iyama Yuta	3430	♂		View game
2009-01-15	3082	Black	Loss	Cho Chikun	3269	♂		View game
2008-12-18	3081	White	Loss	Yamada Kimio	3260	♂		View game
2008-12-11	3081	Black	Loss	O Meien	3227	♂		View game
2008-11-06	3082	Black	Win	Hane Naoki	3337	♂		View game
2008-10-07	3081	Black	Loss	Gu Li	3549	♂		View game
2008-10-05	3081	White	Win	Hikosaka Naoto	3137	♂		View game
2008-10-05	3081	Black	Loss	Liu Xing	3419	♂		View game
2008-08-14	3079	Black	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3209	♂		View game
2008-05-19	3077	White	Loss	Hikosaka Naoto	3142	♂		View game
2008-02-28	3076	White	Loss	Kobayashi Satoru	3214	♂		View game
2007-10-18	3076	Black	Loss	Yamashita Keigo	3342	♂		View game
2007-10-15	3076	White	Loss	Shuto Shun	3181	♂		View game
2007-09-23	3076	White	Loss	Kono Rin	3346	♂		View game
2007-08-28	3077	Black	Win	Kato Atsushi	3181	♂		View game
2007-07-19	3077	Black	Loss	Mochizuki Kenichi	3122	♂		View game
2007-05-31	3078	Black	Win	Murakawa Daisuke	3175	♂		View game
2007-05-24	3078	Black	Loss	Cho Sonjin	3225	♂		View game
2007-04-05	3078	Black	Win	Mitani Tetsuya	3161	♂		View game
2007-02-15	3077	Black	Win	Kobayashi Koichi	3193	♂		View game
2007-02-08	3077	Black	Win	Tsuruyama Atsushi	3121	♂		View game
2006-11-15	3072	Black	Loss	Xiao Zhenghao	3094	♂		View game
2006-11-14	3072	Black	Loss	Hong Seongji	3336	♂		View game
2006-11-13	3072	Black	Loss	Chen Yaoye	3432	♂		View game
2006-11-09	3072	Black	Loss	Mimura Tomoyasu	3186	♂		View game
2006-07-06	3069	White	Loss	Matsumoto Takehisa	3171	♂		View game
2006-05-18	3069	White	Loss	Cho Sonjin	3246	♂		View game
2006-04-28	3069	Black	Loss	Lin Zhihan	3174	♂		View game
2006-04-06	3069	Black	Win	Kono Rin	3285	♂		View game
2006-03-13	3069	White	Win	Hoshikawa Manabu	2771	♂		View game
2005-11-14	3066	White	Win	Kobayashi Izumi	2986	♀		View game
2005-11-10	3066	White	Loss	Otake Hideo	3122	♂		View game
2005-11-03	3066	Black	Loss	Nakaonoda Tomomi	3150	♂		View game
2005-08-30	3066	Black	Loss	Cho Hanseung	3419	♂		View game
2005-04-14	3066	Black	Loss	Kubo Hideo	2992	♂		View game
2005-02-17	3067	White	Win	Mitani Tetsuya	3147	♂		View game
2004-10-17	3066	Black	Loss	Yoda Norimoto	3347	♂		View game
2004-05-30	3067	White	Win	Nakaonoda Tomomi	3137	♂		View game
2003-12-22	3064	Black	Loss	Park Yeonghun	3416	♂		View game
2002-12-15	3059	White	Loss	Takao Shinji	3333	♂		View game
2002-08-06	3058	White	Loss	Kim Sujun	3251	♂		View game
2002-04-25	3058	Black	Loss	Takei Takashi	2968	♂		View game
2002-02-24	3060	Black	Loss	Sakai Hideyuki	3162	♂		View game
2001-10-16	3064	Black	Loss	Kato Atsushi	3142	♂		View game
2001-09-11	3066	White	Win	Kitano Ryo	3052	♂		View game
2001-09-11	3066	White	Win	Takamizawa Tadao	2610	♂		View game
2000-09-18	3077	White	Win	Kono Mitsuki	3052	♂		View game
2000-09-18	3077	White	Loss	Kenmochi Joe	2982	♂		View game
2000-08-22	3078	Black	Win	Kuwamoto Shinpei	2953	♂		View game
2000-08-22	3078	Black	Win	Yoshida Yoichi	2751	♂		View game
2000-07-25	3078	White	Win	Shuto Shun	3098	♂		View game
2000-07-25	3078	Black	Win	Kono Rin	3188	♂		View game
2000-02-23	3075	Black	Loss	Mizokami Tomochika	3220	♂		View game
1999-03-04	3070	White	Win	Hosaka Mayu	2696	♀		View game
1998-04-11	3065	Black	Loss	Yu Bin	3317	♂		View game

Contact: Rémi Coulom. Powered by joedb, the C++ database.